The New Homeland

The New Homeland

 Zionism's "anti-prophetic" tribalization of nationalism also shows how Zionism is fundamentally anti-historical.     The history of the human race has been one of progressive assimilation as smaller units of differentiation give way to more encompassing concepts of commonality.  The progression has not always been uniform but it has been consistent.   Zionism, explicitly seeks to wind back.   Not only to "pick up" where 70 A.D. left off, but to go back from there.

The Roman Empire represented a culminating unification and assimilation of the tribes and kingdoms of the ancient Mediterranean world.  St. Augustine (450 A.D.) put it this way:

"Men’s common nature is no help to friendliness when they are prevented by diversity of language from conveying their sentiments to one another; so that a man would more easily hold intercourse with his dog than with a foreigner. But the Imperial City has endeavored to impose on subject nations not only her yoke, but her language, as a bond of peace, ... " (City of God XIX, ch. 7.)

It is typically said that with the collapse of the Empire in the West, the world re-fragmented and reverted to localism and tribalism.  That is only partially correct. The overall point of Augustine’s City of God, was that Christianity was providing a newer, higher sense of unity on a “spiritual” level.

A Higher Form of City

In other words, although infrastructurally, economically, and politically society was re-fragmenting, a more overarching sense of community — Christendom — was arising.  This is why converting the Germans was regarded as essential to preventing consciousness from slipping back into the tribal God of the Forest mode. 

Christianity was not a tool of empire but rather an extension of the cultural unity the Empire had achieved.  The Augustan Peace (9 B.C.) had let loose a tremendous cultural cross-assimilation.  Throughout the Empire, including Judea, people began “sharing their gods”.  The Centurion mentioned in the Gospels, was a “God-fearing” gentile; a person who “shared” in synagogue meetings and sabbath meals. Jews traditionally recognized that such Gentiles had a place in their idea of the Family of God, (See Ps 115:9-13, Ps 118:2-4, and Ps 135:19-20)

Purists objected to this cross-pollution.  Tacitus complained that Rome had become the “sink and sewer of the world.”  Doubtless similar expressions were heard on the Temple Mount.  But the ecumenical impulse was unstoppable. One way or another — with or without the form of Christianity — it was destined to prevail.

The Middle Ages, particularly in the beginning, was a time of chaos and violence — hardly the image of universal brotherhood. But, unlike to classical attitudes which held that justice consisted in doing harm to your enemies, the warring Christians understood that, fall short as they might, justice consisted in befriending the enemy.  That may seem like weak beer; but it seems to me that it is better to have a conscience, and fail, than not to have one at all, and triumph.

Both Christianity and Talmudic Judaism were offshoots of an antecedent theological/liturgical tradition.  Neither was a continuation of Temple Judaism.  Both decoupled themselves from a practice at a location. Both removed religion into the “ideological” sphere.

15th Cent., Pentateuch (Rome)

Christianity reflected the assimilationist and outward looking trends in Judean life; and, in assimilating outward, Christians ceased to Jewish, and left that label to those who continued adhering to an adjusted Torah-based religion. 

Although it actually arose later than Christianity Talmudic Judaism only made a half-way adjustment. While it decoupled itself from the Temple Mount and a political framework, it remained “purist” in the sense of self-differentiation from “gentiles.”  One could say that Christianity proclaimed the present possibility of the Kingdom of God, at hand; Jews affirmed the future eventuality of a Messianic age, next year...

With the conversion of Constantine (312), Christianity gained entrée into the Forum, although the Empire remained officially non-sectarian.  With the accession of of Theodosius (379) the  Roman Empire became  “Holy” and pagan cults were outlawed.  But it was a brief moment.  In 410 Alaric (a Christian) sacked Rome and the Empire began its descent into “Barbarism”.

From that point to the present, there has been no such thing as a Christian homeland. Christianity remained a set of aspirations and beliefs over-arching usually warring tribes and political entities. In terms of culture, Christendom became a vast exercise in cross-assimilation and miscegenation.

Graphic Conceptualization of Fragmentation under Over-Arching Unity

The emergence of “nationalism” in the 15th century moved in two directions. Nationalism was progressive in so far as it represented an expansion of tribal and localized “us-ness”. It was regressive in so far as it stagnated  true evolution of our sense of human being.

The original sin of nationalism is that, by definition, it differentiates and exalts. It represented a retreat from the concept of Christendom into a regenerated concept of distinct “peoples” — often called “races”.  In fact, the word “nation” derives from  natio,  to be born of a root or place.

Of course, all the newly emergent nations were “Christian” states, but this unity was facile and merely semantic. In actuality secular and commercial values became defining factors.  Except for episodes like the Kulturkampf,  flavors of Christianity remained an increasingly optional ideology, much like taste in music.

The progressive nature of the nation state predominated until about the Franco Prussian War (1871).  Despite the consolidation of national entities which began in 1237 and 1492, actual popular life was migratory and assimilative. After 1792, the assimilative option became official; that is, a person could choose his social-contract and declare allegiance to his choice of State. 

However, as previously sketched, Pan-Germanism, which had begun in 1808 as a movement for political unification, became by the end of the century a movement for racial unity -- einheit.  Whereas the trend before had been to nationalize the tribes, Pan Germanism now sought to tribalize the nation.  It anachronistically transposed the 18th century concept of “state” onto a first century reality of German tribalism.

It worked this magic by creating a fictionalized racialism which no longer existed.  It wound back the world into a fantasy of runes, sundials, forest elves and thunder gods. Glorifying an impersonal concept of pan-Germanism, and brightly idolatrizing the Volk Gemeinschaft, Germany committed the darkest crimes.

Germanic Decorative Motif

Pan Judaism is no different and it involves the same  equivocation: the in-gathering all Jews in a Greater Israel as an emanation of blood and as an epiphany of nationhood.

Zionism  is a regressive winding the world back to idolizations of Arcs, foreskins and a jealous thunder god.  Its paradigm is that of the Maccabees who (150 BC) raised a revolt against Seleucid assimilation, waging guerrilla war, rampaging through the land destroying pagan temples, forcibly circumcising boys and outlawing all signs of Hellenization.

History is what it is and the Maccabeans eventually established the Hasmonean Dynasty and rededicated the Second Temple (500 & 140 BC). But by all accounts the Maccabeans were rather like the Taliban or I.S.I.S. — politico-religious fundamentalists hacking against the tide of history.

The official propaganda of Israel (which adopts the Maccabean menorah as its state seal) casts those second century events into the mold of an independence revolt against oppression and cultural genocide.  But the issue was far more nuanced.  Modern scholarship is agreed that the revolt was actually a Jewish civil war between assimilationists and fundamentalists.   The same war of attitudes persists today.

Zionism, as we have sought to explain, draws its waters from the spring of tribal self-differentiation. The Pan Judaism of Zionism is not the revelation of the Torah as read and understood through the teaching experience of history, as a moral metaphor.  It is not the personal and mystical zionism of Halevi (11th cent.).    Zionists invoke “Judaism” as a religious factor only when it is convenient to do so; but it does not deserve religious currency. It conceals a confusion of concepts.

At the end of the day, one has to ask the assimilationist question: what the hell is so important about being Jewish?   Zionist react to this question with a kind of passive aggressive apoplexy which more than insinuates that to ask the question is “to reach for the gas.”  But the question is historically and logically legitimate.   Apart from whatever religious ideology & practice one wished to adopt, what is so important about preserving any “national” or “cultural” identity? These things have always been temporary abodes and malleable expediencies.

All these “nativist” movements, whether it is American (Anglo-Protestant) nativism or Nazi Germanism, or Slavic or Jewish are regressive and unnatural.  The only real  blut is the  blood of the human race, which flows whither it will.

There is no point in try to fix a recipe.   People and places evolve in their own manner and at their own rate.   The United States, Ibero-America and Spain itself have been highly permeable and cross-assimilative.  Nordic countries and Japan little.  Everywhere else falls anywhere in between.

Sephardic  Synagogue (El Transito) in Spain

Jews had in fact assimilated greatly.  The food, deity, language, clothes, architecture of Jews in Russia was Russian and bore no resemblance to the food, deity, language, clothes of the Jews in Spain or North Africa. It is a vain chase to hunt after a “Jewish Culture” apart from a common unifying religious element which infuses otherwise distinct cultural phenomena.

Ashkenzi Synagogue, Wolpa, Poland.

The Jewish assimiliationists of the 19th century saw that this was the case, and felt it natural.  Where they going to “loose” their Jewishness?  The answer was: what was there to loose in the first place?

Maccabean Gifilte Fisch?

I envied Israelis during my stay in the country.  It was a remarkably egalitarian and comradely society.  They were infused with a spirit of gemeinschaft in a land that exhaled history from every wall.  They were building something and had a sense of participation that was totally lacking in the West.

Polish Felafski?

I understood that this Joy in Nationhood was bought at the expense of an Other, but I admired it because Zionism seemed to present a solution. In the intervening years, I have watched Israel’s devious, bullying and increasingly brutal progress.  I have become convinced that what I once saw as incidental danger was, in fact, an inherent flaw.

go to PART VII

©

Hammering Back to the Future

If Zionism’s sense of history is perverse, it’s strategic implementation has been  no better.  Its teasing out of a false existential identity necessarily denies actual existence to anything which is incompatible with its theory of being.  "Incompatibility" was the cornerstone of Pinsker's "Emancipation" and it cannot but be the cornerstone of Israel's "Unfolding."   Just as Zionism ends up being a mere argument in favor of an objective, the twists and turns of Zionism in action were mere the strategies of its hidden theory.

The finale of the Great War brought the collapse of two great empires, the Austro-Hungarian and the Ottoman, the  lineal inheritors of the Roman and Byzantine Empires.   What made them great was not only their pedigree and their wealth but the vast congeries of peoples they ruled.  Neither empire was what one would call "homogeneous;" rather they were umbrellas for multi-cultural convivencia and conflict.

At the Versailles Peace Conference (1919), the Allied Powers, claiming victory, set about carving up the turkeys and ad hoc groupings of would be governments came petitioning the victors for their slice of a "national homeland."    The carving up was unjust, arbitrary and disastrous.   The only rhyme or reason as to who got (or did not get) a "homeland" was the economic or political interests of England, France and, through them, the United States. 

While the War was still raging, the English, French and, tacitly, the Russians entered into a secret protocol with respect to  Ottoman Turkey.    Under the Sykes-Picot Agreement,  (1916), Asia Minor was divided into French and English "administrative zones."   In theory, these zones were temporary measures pending the establishment of various ethnic homelands in previously Ottoman territory.  The same petitioning and politicking which took place in the Balkans agitated the Middle East with the ultimate result being the establishment of  Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, but not Kurdistan or Armenia, the latter of which was left to slaughter.

Emir Faisal I, lobbying at Versailles

The British, as usual, played their double game.  The British Government made appeasing noises toward the Arabs in general and the Palestinians in particular.   This was not generosity. During the war the British hoped to use restless Arabs against the Ottoman Turks.  Looking forward they hoped the Arabs would be compliant client states.  Nevertheless, Britain gave assurances to the Arabs that "Great Britain is prepared to recognize and support the independence of the Arabs within the territories in  [Palestine]."  (McMahon Letter, 1915 [full text].)

More or less contemporaneously, Britain promised Zionist organizations that it "favoured" the establishment of "a national home" for the Jewish people "in Palestine."  (Balfour Declaration (1917)

Britain was so duplicitous she could not even unravel her own intentions.  The cabinet was split as to what McMahon had promised and whether it included or excluded "Palestine" (which had not been referred to by name, but by the names of various Ottoman political "districts").  It was also split as to whether Balfour had given anything more than "sympathy" to "Zionist aspirations."  Much of the duplicity remained classified until 1964.

The Balfour Declaration had been issued in response to the efforts of Chaim Weizmann whose work in chemistry (acetone) had been of immense benefit to the British war effort.   In 1919,  Weizmann was elected president of the World Zionist Organizations and, as such represented "Jewish" [i.e. Zionist] interests at the Versailles Peace Conference where he declared that it was his aim to make Palestine "as Jewish as England is English."

This was apparently too much for the British, who thereupon issued a "clarification" of what they had not meant in the Balfour Letter,

"Phrases have been used such as that Palestine is to become 'as Jewish as England is English.' His Majesty's Government regard any such expectation as impracticable and have no such aim in view. They would draw attention to the fact that the terms of the Declaration referred to do not contemplate that Palestine as a whole should be converted into a Jewish National Home, but that such a Home should be founded "in Palestine." In this connection it has been observed with satisfaction that ... the supreme governing body of the Zionist Organization ... express[ed] as the official statement of Zionist aims "the determination of the Jewish people to live with the Arab people on terms of unity and mutual respect, and together with them to make the common home into a flourishing community, the upbuilding of which may assure to each of its peoples an undisturbed national development"'.    (Churchill White Paper (1922).)

The reference in the Churchill White Paper related to an agreement between Chaim Weizmann and Emir Faisal I, leader of the Arab nationalists in Syria and Palestine, during which the two leaders declared that, on behalf of their respective parties, they would undertake all necessary measures "to encourage and stimulate immigration of Jews into Palestine on a large scale," consistent with the Balfour Letter,  and "to settle Jewish immigrants upon the land through closer settlement and intensive cultivation of the soil," while at the same time protecting the rights and assisting the economic development of "the Arab peasant and tenant farmers" in the area.

Weizmann & Faisal doing "Semitic Solidarity"

For what it was worth,  the agreement between Faisal and Weizmann (each purporting to speak for their "peoples") only extended to emigration not to the creation of a Jewish state.   The text of the letter made clear that Faisal regarded European Jewish immigration to be a form of development capital which, being pledged to cooperation with the Arabs, would accrue to the benefit of the Palestinians.

But Weizmann, no less than the British, was speaking out of both sides of his mouth as well.   At different times he was wont to declare that Zionism was not founded on a sense of persecution and yet  that the "road from Pinsk" was "paved with martyrs;"  that he had no desire to repeat the "disaster of Massada" but that it is only "by the forces of a people" that "the Jewish State will become a reality."

These equivocations are beside the point.  Weizmann bought into the fundamentals of winding back  history.   When discussing where would be a good place for Jews to settle,  Arthur Balfour suggested some place in Africa.  Weizmann asked Balfour, "Would you give up London to live in Saskatchewan?" When Balfour replied that the British had always lived in London, Weizmann responded, "Yes, and we lived in Jerusalem when London was still a marsh."

Who "we"?  In so saying,  Weizmann, a Russian Jew, simply assumed as a given his and every other European Jew's lineal, physico-racial semitic descent from the "original" inhabitants of Judea. Weizmann's response seems a clever enough repost, but it implicitly espoused the mist of theories and presumptions which we have discussed and without knowledge of which the full implications would not be sniffed.

Who was living in the area at the time London was a marsh was an irrelevance.   Just as much as Central Europe,  Judea/Samaria/Palestine had been a Total Crossroads.  It is simply lunatic to attempt to trace "roots," "geneologies" and conversions over millennia.   The fact is that Palestinian Arabs were living there at the turn of the century and they aspired to an end of British rule and the formation of their own State. To this end they formed the Arab League (initially called the “Arab Higher Committee”) a multi-party agency representing Muslim and Christian Palestinians.

  

Zionists in Europe and the United States decided that Biblical Israel (Eretz Israel) should be their new homeland.  They formed a government in waiting (the Jewish Agency) and, with financial and political backing from Jews in the West, encouraged as much emigration by Jews into Palestine as possible.

Jewish Owned Land as of March1945

(likely not much more than as of 1937)

Despite the Weizmann-Faisal happy talk, the Zionists were not that interested in "co-development." The Palestinians detected a different beast beneath the sheep's clothing, one which they felt was devouring as much land for itself as possible.  This led to violent conflict and, in 1937, to a proposed partition of the land.  Both sides rejected the so-called “Peel Plan.”  The Palestinians did not feel the Jews had any rights to Palestine; the Zionist Jews felt they had a right to all of it. Had they accepted half a loaf they would have had a refuge from the Nazis.

Peel Plan Partition

After the war, the Jewish "emigration" into Palestine resumed in earnest. Western accounts refer to the conflict as a “civil war” but to do so, obviously begs the question.  From the Palestinian point of view they were resisting an invasion.

In November 1947, the U.N. General Assembly resurrected the Peel Plan and passed Resolution 181 recommending the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Palestinian states.  This time the Jewish Agency accepted half a loaf. The Arab League did not.

The 1947 Partition did not include Jerusalem
the western half of which was seized in 1948

It wasn’t much of a loaf, but the Zionists made most of the unleaven. Although Resolution 181 was only a recommendation, it gave the Jewish Agency a slice to stand on as the self-declared de facto government in the proposed Jewish Half of Palestine.

Of course de facto is as de facto does, and the British were still the accepted de jure authority in and over all of Palestine.  The Jewish Agency continued to make life as miserable as it could for the British, engaging in acts of violence and terrorism against both the British and the Palestinian population.

While the international community continued to quibble and dicker over Resolution 181, His Majesty’s Government announced that on 14 May 1948 it was washing its hands and packing its bags, which it did.

Now there was a de jure void. That very day, the Jewish Agency declared itself the official government of Israel in more or less the Jewish portion recommended in Resolution 181.  According to David Ben Gurion,

“[A]after seventy years of pioneer striving, have we reached the beginning of independence in a part of our small country.  ... "

Ben Gurion may have been subtle but he was nonetheless clear: half a loaf was only the beginning. Menachem Begin, speaking for the hardline “Revisionist” Zionists — was more explicit,

"The partition of the Homeland is illegal. It will never be recognized. The signature by institutions and individuals of the partition agreement is invalid. It will not bind the Jewish people. Jerusalem was and will forever be our capital. Eretz Israel will be restored to the people of Israel. All of it. And for ever."

Nevertheless, despite the “illegality” of the gift, Begin did not look the horse in the mouth and the statement was later dropped into a memory hole.  (See "The Revolt," by Menachem Begin (1977 edition, pre-revision. )  Like all differentiations between “moderate” and “hard-line” Zionists, these distinctions were merely semantical.  Both made clear that they regarded partition as only a beginning.

President Weizmann

Apologists for Israel have argued that they “agreed” to Partition and seek to blame Palestinians for violating the agreement.  But the question is agreed with whom?  There is no such thing as an “agreement” with one’s self.  

In lieu of a true peace and partition agreement, the Jewish Agency (now calling itself the State of Israel) negotiated de facto recognition with other states as the governing authority in the Jewish Partition.

The biggest player at the time was no longer Britain but the United States and Jewish organizations were working in tandem behind the scenes to garner U.S. recognition. Within hours after Israel’s self-proclamation, President Harry Truman recognized the “provisional government” of the “Jewish State in Palestine” as the “de facto” authority therein.  

A little less than a year later (January 31, 1949), after elections for a permanent government had been held in de-facto Israel, Truman extended de jure recognition to the new state.  In the ensuing decades, other governments followed by the 1990’s approximately 80 percent of the world’s countries have accorded either de facto or de jure recognition to Israel within the partition borders.

But the Palestinians themselves, neither agreed to nor recognized anything.  In 1948, their cause was taken up by the neighboring Arab states of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq in what has been characterized as the first Arab-Israeli war. 

The result was a stalemate and an armistice was declared in 1949.  A direct consequence of the war was that 700,000 Palestinians were expelled from their homes within Israel and their places taken by 700,000 Jews from Europe.

In 1956, in the so-called Suez Crisis, Egypt blockaded Israeli shipping and Israel responded by occupying Gaza and the Sinai. Another armistice was negotiated and the parties returned to their respective corners.

In 1967 the Arab states reaffirmed their non-recognition of Israel and Israel responded by launching a preemptive attack in which it seized the Golan Heights (from Syria), the West Bank & East Jerusalem (from Jordan) and Gaza and the Sinai (from Egypt)

In 1973, after ongoing negotiations over the 1967 seizures had proved fruitless and after the U.S. persuaded Israel to take the expected first punch, Egypt and Syria launched their own expected attack on Israel.  The attack was accompanied by an oil embargo on the West.

At this point, the Arab-Israeli conflict acquired global implications and the United States brought its influence to bear to force a peace with at least Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994).

These wars produced a beneficial consequence for Israel. By metamorphosing the conflict into an inter-state war, Israel was able to characterize Palestinian resistance as non-official “terrorism.”  However, as with almost anything Zionist, this was simply Israel’s own ipse dixit.

In 1964, the Arab League, not wishing itself to be subsumed into other countries, met in Cairo and re constituted itself as the Palestine Liberation Organization. It declared its non-recognition of Israel and called for the return of the 700,000 exiled Palestinians to their homes and the for an independent state in (or in as much as possible of) the former territories of Mandate Palestine.

Since then, the P.L.O. has been recognized as sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by well over 100 states.

On 14 October/November 1974, the General Assembly, through resolution 3210 (XXIX) recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and invited it to participate in the deliberations of the General Assembly  in observer status

By resolution 43/177 of 15 December 1988, the General Assembly acknowledged the proclamation of the State of Palestine by the Palestine National Council on 15 November 1988 and decided, inter alia , that the designation “Palestine” should be used in place

On 29 November 2012, the General Assembly accorded to Palestine non-Member observer State status in the United Nations, marking the first time that the General Assembly considered Palestine to be a State.

However, much like the 1948 split between moderate and hardline Zionists, in 1995 the Palestinians themselves split over how much or how little of Israel to recognize.  Like Menachem Begin’s Irgun or "Stern Gang," Hamas, towed the hardline and undertook a strategy of terrorist bombings, while Fatah, led by Jassir Arafat, played the role of Ben-Gurion, and adopted a more conciliatory approach.

Israel’s undercover poisoning of Jassir Arafat, led to a power vacuum in the P.L.O. and a battle for control between Hamas and Fatah.  In 2006 Hamas won elections in  Gaza while Fatah prevailed in the West Bank.   On June 2, 2014, Hamas and Fatah patched up their differences and formed a unity government, which Israel refused to recognize.

The Hamas-Fatah Government declared its aim as being "to reinforce Palestinian national unity for maintaining resolve and ending the Occupation, and for the Palestinian people to restore their legitimate rights, including the establishment of their independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital."

Khaled Meshaal, Chairman, of Hamas Political Bureauonly declared that Hamas'  "aim is to establish a free and completely sovereignPalestinian state on the West Bank and Gaza Strip, whose capital is Jerusalem, without any settlers and without giving up a single inch of land and without giving up on the right of return [of Palestinian refugees]."

Israel’s response was to refuse recognition of Hamas’ participation in the P.L.O., to blame Hamas for the  kidnapping of three Israeli teenaged and to launch the currently ongoing massive, terror bombing of Gaza.

Only the West is willingly fooled by Zionists' temporizing.   If they can obtain their objective by means short of bloodshed, they have done and will do so.  This does not mean that they won't resort to shedding blood as needed to achieve their goal.   Zionism's chosen paradigm is the Maccabees who hammered ("makkaba") their opposition into oblivion.   The future promises the same.

go to PART VIII

©

141214-FN/Going to Heaven

In other words,  the caring and kindness we show towards animals brings them into a participation or familiarity with us as in turn the providence and grace of our Benefactor brings us into an experience of the eternal joy and light.

140715 - Chateau de Chantilly

130915-FN3:(White Phosph2)

   

Falluja, Iraq (2004)

 .

130915-FN2:(White Phosp1)

  

Falluja, Iraq (2004)

.

130915-FN1:(Napalm1)

   

Hit by Napalm - Vietnam

.

120819-FN3:NorthBriton 45

       

John Wilkes was a low-minded politician and scurrilous publisher of a rag known as the North Briton.  It was  against the law to insult the monarch, but in issue No. 45, he indirectly attacked the King by libelling the King’s minister.

Wilkes as viewed by Hogarth

Outraged, George II had the North Briton’s offices smashed into under a general warrant.  A general warrant was something of a contradiction in terms since it “warranted” a search and seizure anywhere, anytime of anything and anyone.

Rioting for Free Speech

Wilkes, who was something of a populist demagogue stirred up popular fury on both sides of the Atlantic.  Rioting crowds in London manhandled the mistooken Austrian ambassador and pained “45” on the soles of shoes.  The Colony of Maryland sent 45 hogsheads of tobacco to Wilkes. 

The case dragged on for a decade, but the ultimate result was that the use of general warrants was disallowed and that warrants had to be based on probable cause specifying the places to be searched and the items to be seized.

.

120819-FN2:GloriousRevolution

         

In so providing, the Bill of Rights emphasized the bearing of arms as an individual prerogative divorced from any collective duty.  Given that societies were becoming more regulated and more characterized by divisions of labor, the provision stands as something of an anomaly.  The historical context explains the shift.

In 1660, Charles II was restored to the British throne after a decade of Purtian rule. Of  a“merrie” disposition, Charles was at first indifferent to the equal restoration of Anglicanism as the “established” religion. (Statutes of Clarendon (1661 1665).)  Later in his reign, however, he removed legal discriminations against Catholicism and, upon his death without issue, James II assumed the throne. 

James II

While Charles II may have been secretly Catholic he took pains to appear neutral and famously kept both a Protestant and a Catholic whore.  James II was frankly Catholic and kept no whores.  There ensued both a hot and cold war between James II and his Protestant subjects.  After repressing a Protestant revolt, James enlarged his standing army and thus reinforced, began a policy of de facto tolerance of Catholics.   This brought him into de jure conflict with a Protestant Parliament.  In defense of  what we would call religious freedom, James asserted the right to overrule Parliament and, in 1688, promulgated the Declaration of Indulgence giving Catholic and Dissenters political rights. 

Protestant England grit its teeth and withheld from rebellion.  James’ only issue was Mary, who was safely Protestant.  Alas, in 1688, James gave birth to a son whom we vowed to raise as a Catholic.  The dye was cast at the baptismal fount and Protestant England revolted.  The Glorious Revolution dethroned James, enthroned Mary and her Dutch husband William, re-established the Church of England and relegated Catholics to the back of the bus for another 250 years.

The reign of James the Second epitomizes the equivocal nature of tyranny. To some, he was a champion of religous freedom.  To others, he was the enemy of representative democracy.  He was, in fact, both.  But whether or not one agrees with his specific policies,  he was indisputably a tyrant - that is, one who seeks to rule in excess of his appointed jurisdiction.

For 135 years, what was to become the united kingdoms of Great Britain had struggled politically and militarily to reach an accomodation between Catholicism and Calvinism, between mercantile Town and agricultural Country, between modern absolutism and medieval autonomies.  The modulated balance between these oppositions is known in English history as “The Settlement”.  It was all a little bit of everything stitched together under a tissue of rhetoric and illogic.

While never doing anything quite completely “illegal,” James was undermining a consensus which had taken several beheadings and a civil war to achieve.  The Glorious Revolution of 1688 sent James packing and restored the balance.

But restoring the balance was not something that could be achieved politically, precisely because under James II’s “over-rulings” politics had broken down.  Thus, whereas in 1081 the principle purpose of owning a weapon was tied to defence against foreign aggression in 1688 it became tied as well to the goal of  preventing domestic tyranny.

It is a pity that Americans are by and large so unaware of English history, because the American insurrectionists always maintained that they were simply claiming their rights as Englishmen  and it can fairly be said that the U.S. Constitution of 1789 is, in its fundamental contours, a restatement of the The Settlement of 1689.

Because the Colonies were founded by an outlflow of Dissenters and Catholics, the Constitution added the salient distinction of the First Amendment’s anti establishment clause; otherwise the Constitutuion simply dressed up the English statu quo ante in republican garb governed by an indirectly elected president with precisely the powers of a constitutional monarch for a term.

.

120819-FN1:KrumperSystem

         

In 1806, at the Battle of Jena, Napoleonic French forces defeated Fredrick the Great’s fabled Army and reduced Prussia to a vassal state.  Then, as a century later, the French sought to disarm Prussia reducing the size of its allowable army.  In response, independence minded reformers sought to liberalize Prussian society and at the same time throw off the French yoke.

Scharnhorst

On the military side, Count Gerhard von Scharnhorst, democratized the army allowing free men of all classes into the Officer Corps.  To circumvent the French restrictions, he established the Krumper System under which free peasants and burghers would serve 60 days stints and be discharged back home along with their rifle, to remain on call for that day when the national hue and cry would be raised.

In tandem  Friederich Jahn, the founder of modern gymnstatics, conceived the idea of restoring the spirits of his countrymen through the development of their physical and moral powers. “Young gymnasts were taught to regard themselves as members of a kind of guild for the emancipation of their fatherland.” (Wiki). His motto was “Live Hardy, Pious, Cheerful, and Free.”

Jahn

In 1813 Jahn joined students, academics, writers and others in forming the Lutzow Freikorps which joined the mobilization against the French.  That same year, Scharnhorst died of wounds he received in the battle of Lützen.  Napoleon’s defeat was really the work of the Russians, but the Krumper System made sure he returned all the way to Paris.

.

120703-FN1

        

1.   When we first drafted this review, we titled it "Justice Roberts saves the Health Insurance Industry."   Roberts is a well-known "company man" and it seemed obvious to us that the motivation behind his ruling was throw a life-line to companies that will drown in a sea of red ink without Obamacare.   

     The fact is that the health delivery system in the United States needs the life support mechanism of Obamacare.  The injection of profit incentives into the veins of health care is sheer poison.  Insurers cannot afford the costs and people cannot afford the insurance.  Obamacare seeks an antidote by mean of a counter injection of mandated premium purchases.  This is only a short term solution; but the short term is good enough for company men.   

    But the problem highlighted in this essay is that nothing the court's opinion states what the justices are actually thinking.    One can conjecture, psychoanalyze and prognosticate howsoever one can, but the opinion itself is a heap o' words signifying nothing. 

.

120307-FN1-Epiphany

The word epiphany means a manifestation, showing forth or presentation. Because Jesus's Epiphany is usually painted in glowing hues, some semi-literate bird brain in the Sixties concluded that the word meant a "revelation" or mind unboggling eclat. Snap. Crack! Oh Wow! From that dubious jumping-off point the word came to mean a Life-Transforming insight. In typically sociological fashion, American dictionaries have trod after the ignorant and misinformed and have now "ratified" the misuse of a word as its "accepted" meaning. A manifestation is not an insight, period.

.

120307FN-1: Social Chauvinists

The term ante-dates but foretold the National Socialists. What Lenin understood was that socialism on a national level, even if it truly existed, did not obviate national interests; and, that being the case, would inevitably be subsumed to the dictates of national interest. The term "fascism" became demonized in the Allied world because we went to war with Germany and Japan and our propagandists had to come up with something awful to say about our enemies. But we did not go to war with them over their internal political economy (which we in fact emulated) but over geo-political national interests.

.

111117-FN1-AraPacis

"Roma" on the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace) of Augustus

.

Moving with Hobbes

Looking for Digs with Hobbes ("Street Days")

Hamburgo Y Amberes

Anna's House (as it was being torn down)

.

110615-Index Articles on Full Spectrum Security Policy

Partial List of Articles Discussing NeoCon National Security & Strategic Full Spectrum Policies.

Devil in the Drone
http://wcg-newsandnotes.blogspot.com/2010/09/devil-in-drone.html

Obama's Jihad II
http://wcg-features.blogspot.com/2009/12/obamas-jihad-part-ii-defending-zones-of.html

Synderesis & Wrecked Brain Syndrome

http://wcg-journal.blogspot.com/2008/09/synderesis-identified-as-cause-of.html

Blendables
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2008/02/blendables_2802.html

Political Cancer
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2005/08/political-cancer.html

Thug Politik I
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2003/09/thug-politik-neo-con-agenda-for-new_11.html

ThugPolitic II
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2003/09/thug-politik-neo-con-agenda-for-new_13.html

Thug Politik III
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2003/09/thug-politik-neo-con-agenda-for-new.html

Fear & Loathing
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2002/10/fear-and-loathing-in-new-american.html

American Kampf
http://wcg-darktimediary.blogspot.com/2002/09/american-kampf.html

NewYorkTimes Scoops
http://wcg-newsandnotes.blogspot.com/2010/05/nytimes-scoops-pentagon-strategy-of.html

.

000001- Weekly Index of News & Notes

>>>>O<<<<

15 July 2011 - 15 September 2011

Transparency (8/26)

Obama's Stunning Hypocrisy (7/26)

Another Reason to Avoid Supermarkets (7/21)


15 April 2011 - 15 July 2011

The Shadow of a Past Betrayal

Burnt Toast

Straus-Kahn Arrested for Doing What the IMF Does Best

So Now We Know

Israeli Guards Murder Prisoners in Cold Blood as "Morale Booster."

25 February 2011 - 15 April 2011

Grand Mou, 2004

Nukular Keystone

KNUT IS DEAD !!!

Meltdowns & California Dreaming

A Simple Solution to the Libyan Crisis

A Worm in the Core - A Worm in the Brain


11 January 01 - to - 11 February 25

UK Guardian Puts the Lie to the Lies

Health Care for the Entre Nous

Who's Who Entre Nous


10 November 07 - to - 10 December 31

Limp Duck Lames Its Way to the Finish Line

WAPO OPED 4 KILLOPS

U.S. Officials Seek Law for the Protection of Knowledge

NIPP & CIKR - Whom the Gods Would Destroy

Top Two Percent Gunning Down Social Security & Medicare

10 October 24 - to - 10 November 07

Zionist Halloween

The Mudia and the Mud

15 October 12 - to - 10 October 23

A Large Investment In Britain's Future

What a Difference an Ocean Makes

Democracy in Action


10 October 01 -to- 10 October 14

A Life to Mull Over False Oaths [101004]

A Map is worth a Thousand Words [101003]

Rahm Emmanuel's Tie [101001]

Whitman's Nanny [.]

000000-Index of Articles By Title

A Large Investment In Britain's Future [N&N]

A Life to Mull Over False Oaths [N&N/101004]

A Map is worth a Thousand Words [N&N/101003]

Black Friday, Purple Sunday [ Journal / 101205]

Bolivia's Bill of Rights for Mother Earth [Journal / 101216]

Democracy in Action

God's Dachshund - Part VI, Kulturkampf Redux [Feature 100926]


God's Dachshund - Part VII, Tacit Corrections [Feature / 1011o3]


In Remembrance of Armistice Day [Journal / 101111]


Of Probabilities and Punishment [101016]

Rahm Emmanuel's Tie [N&N/101001]

Terrorism Before the IBM 8088 [A&L/101007]

The Habit of Freedom [Journal / 101122]

The Mudia and the Mud

The Return of the Oubliette -- Sado Justice in America [Feature/101230]

The White Jetta [Journal / 101222]

What a Difference an Ocean Makes [N&N]

Wiki Witch Hunt Reveals True Face of Government [Journal / 101207 ]

Whitman's Nanny [N&N/]

Woodchip's People Friendly Balanced Budget [Journal / 101116]

Zionist Halloween

100921-FN/Convergence

Lest it be thought that we are opining off the hoof - constructive conspiracy is the theory used to prove many so-called facts pertaining to the genocide of the Jews. The BBC article makes a point of quoting Justice Grey has having found that Irving was an "anti-semite and holocaust denier". One of the issues in Irving v. Lipstadt was whether it was reasonable for Irving to have denied the existence of gas chambers -- that is, a method of killing alleged to have taken place at Auschwitz. Of course the reasonableness of the denial depended on whether gas chambers had in fact existed. Lo and behold -- to Justice Grey's own surprise -- there was no hard fact, certain evidence that they had. There was a lot of rumour and inuendo and hearsay witnesses but no smoking pellet. The theory urged by Lipstadt's attorney and accpted by Justice Grey was that there was a "convergence" of bits and pieces of evidence of some sort or another such that a threshold of probability had been reached that gas chambers had existed; i.e. that the sum of zeros is more than zero.

This is the same type of reasoning process that is invovled in proving that X, Y, Z, facts -- taken together -- must have resulted from a "conspiracy" as to which there is otherwise no direct proof.

This reasoning process is not entirely fallacious, as a practical matter; it is simply very weak. Of course none of this get considered, much less discussed, in BBC's Holo-boos.

.